We are the Creative Expression of Creation It's self.
How has the male Brain created the actions that have constructed this reality? Why has the female brain been dismissed?
Understanding the wiring systems seems like the place to start.
Neuroscience of sex differences
Neuroscience of sex differences is the study of the characteristics of the brain that separate the male brain from the female brain. Unlike sexual characteristics, which are the physical qualities that separate the two sexes of an organism, the neurological differences are not visually apparent and therefore hard to study. Psychological sex differences are thought by some to reflect the interaction of genes, hormones and social learning on brain development throughout the lifespan. Some evidence from brain morphology and function studies indicates that male and female brains cannot always be assumed to be identical from either a structural or functional perspective, and some brain structures are sexually dimorphic.[1]History
Ideas of differences in the male and female brain circulated during the time of ancient Greek philosophers around 850 B.C. Aristotle claimed that males did not "receive their soul" until 40 days post-gestation and females did not until 80 days. In 1854, Emil Huschke discovered that "the frontal lobe in the male is all of 1% larger than that of the female"[2] As the 19th century progressed, scientists began researching sexual dimorphisms in the brain significantly more.[3] Until around 21 years ago, scientists knew of several structural sexual dimorphisms of the brain, but they did not think that sex had any impact on how the human brain performs daily tasks. Through fMRI and PET scan studies a great deal of information regarding the differences between male and female brains and how much they differ in regards to both structure and function has been uncovered.Male vs. female brain anatomy
Hemisphere differences
A popular theory regarding language functions is that women use both hemispheres more equally, whereas men are more strongly lateralized to the left hemisphere.[5] This theory found initial support in a high-profile study of 19 men and 19 women, which found stronger lateralization in men during one of the three language tasks assessed.[6] In 2008, some researchers concluded that further studies have failed to replicate this finding, and a meta-analysis of 29 studies comparing language lateralization in males and females found no overall difference.[7] However, in 2013, researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania mapped notable differences in male and female neural wiring. The study, which used Functional magnetic resonance imaging, concluded that inter-hemispheric connectivity was much stronger in women's and girls' brains, whereas intra-hemispheric connectivity was much stronger in the brains of men and boys.[8]
The amygdala (red) in a human brain
Several functional differences have been observed in the male and female amygdala as well. One functional difference is emotional memory retention. On average, women retain emotional memories more vividly than do men. Sometimes, however, this can have a negative effect on women and they may have impaired memory at times due to strong emotional overlap. Another negative outcome of women forming strong emotional memories is an increased 'vulnerability to depression". Females tend to dwell on negative feelings or "memories of negative life experiences" which can lead to depression. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), an anxiety disorder, is also more prevalent in women (2 times more common in women than in men) for similar reasons. Emotional memory encoding also differs between the male and female amygdala; males encode emotional memories using the right side of their amygdala while women use the left. A behavioral difference that has been linked to the amygdala's size is sexual drive. Men have a greater sex drive than women; this may be due to the fact that males have a larger amygdala.[10]
Hippocampus
Several studies have shown the hippocampi of men and women to differ anatomically, neurochemically, and also in degree of long-term potentiation. Such evidence indicates that sex should influence the role of the hippocampus in learning. One experiment examined the effects of stress on Pavlovian conditioning performance in both sexes and found that males’ performance under stress was enhanced while female performance was impaired. Activation of the hippocampus is more dominant on the left side of hippocampus in females, while it is more dominant on the right side in males. This in turn influences cognitive reasoning; women use more verbal strategies than men when performing a task that requires cognitive thinking.[11] The hippocampus’s relationship with other structures in the brain influences learning and has been found to be sexually dimorphic as well.[1]Oestradiol has been found to influence hippocampal development. Studies have shown neurogenesis, or the formation of new neurons, to be higher in the male hippocampus than in that of the female. This may be due to the lower levels of estradiol in the male brain compared to the female brain. providing a more optimal environment for neurogenesis.[12]
The limbic system
"A man with a unilateral right VMPC lesion, who was well educated and had worked successfully as a minister, was entirely unable to return to any form of gainful employment after his brain damage. He requires supervision for daily tasks and demonstrates severe disturbances in behavior and emotional regulation, including impulsivity and poor judgment. By contrast, a man with a unilateral left VMPC lesion was able to return to his job at a grain elevator and remains successfully employed there. He is remarkably free of disturbances to his social life and emotional functioning"In addition, a study where a group of individuals were asked to engage in a Trust Game, "a neuroeconomics task game" found that men and women who exhibited lesions in their right and left VPMC's had less trust in others.[13]
White/grey matter
Global and regional grey matter (GM) differs in men and women. Women have larger left orbitofrontal GM volumes and overall cortical thickness than men.[14] Behavioral implications of the greater volume have not yet been discovered. Women have a higher percentage of GM, whereas men have a higher percentage of WM and of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid). In men the percentage of GM was higher in the left hemisphere, the percentage of WM was symmetric, and the percentage of CSF was higher in the right. Women showed no asymmetries. Both GM and WM volumes correlated moderately with global, verbal, and spatial performance across groups. However, the regression of cognitive performance and WM volume was significantly steeper in women. [15]Orbital prefrontal cortex
Positron emission tomography studies have shown that men and women ranging from the ages of 19 to 32 years old metabolize glucose at significantly different rates in the orbital prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, MRI images display reduced hemispheric brain volumes, specifically in the frontal and temporal regions, in men more so than women. Infant males who exhibited lesions on their orbital prefrontal cortex struggled with object reversal experiments, but females exhibiting such lesions did not have impaired performance in object reversal.[16]Wiring
On the basis of diffusion tensor imaging of 1,000 brain scans it has been shown that significant differences in wiring exist between male and female brains. Men's brains were shown to have stronger connections between the front and back regions of the brain, and were mostly confined to individual hemispheres, whereas women's brain had stronger connections between the left and right hemispheres.[8] The obtained maps of neural circuitry were supportive of old stereotypes according to which men's brains are more suited for perception and coordination, and women's brains are more suited for social skills and multitasking.[8] The detected differences in neural connectivity were negligible up to the age of 13, but became much more prominent in the 14-17 year-olds.[8]Neurochemical differences
Hormones
Steroid hormones have several effects on brain development as well as maintenance of homeostasis throughout adulthood. One effect they exhibit is on the hypothalamus, where they increase synapse formation.[20] Estrogen receptors have been found in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, hippocampus, and frontal cortex, indicating the estrogen plays a role in brain development. Gonadal hormone receptors have also been found in the basal forebrain nuclei.[21]Estrogen and the female brain
Estradiol influences cognitive function, specifically by enhancing learning and memory in a dose-sensitive manner. Too much estrogen can have negative effects by weakening performance of learned tasks as well as hindering performance of memory tasks; this can result in females exhibiting poorer performance of such tasks when compared to males.[22]It has been suggested that during development, estrogen can exhibit both feminizing and defeminizing effects on the human brain; high levels of estrogen induce male neural traits to develop while moderate levels induce female traits. In females, defeminizing effects are resisted due to the presence of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a carrier protein proposed to transport estrogen into brain cells, allowing the female brain to properly develop. The role of AFP is significant at crucial stages of development, however. Prenatally, AFP blocks estrogen. Postnatally, AFP decreases to ineffective levels; therefore, it is probable that estrogen exhibits its effects on female brain development postnatally.[23]
Ovariectomies, surgeries inducing menopause, or natural menopause cause fluctuating and decreased estrogen levels in women. This in turn can “ attenuate the effects” of endogenous opioid peptides. Opioid peptides are known to play a role in emotion and motivation. β-endorphin (β-EP), an endogenous opioid peptide, content has been found to decrease (in varying amounts/brain region),post ovariectomy, in female rats within the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and pituitary gland. Such a change in β-EP levels could be the cause of mood swings, behavioral disturbances, and hot flashes in post menopausal women.[21]
Testosterone and the male brain
Testosterone has been found to play a big role during development but may have independent effects on sexually dimorphic brain regions in adulthood. Studies have shown that the medial amygdala of male hamsters exhibits lateralization and sexual dimorphism prior to puberty. Furthermore, organization of this structure during development is influenced by the presence of androgens and testosterone. This is evident when comparing medial amygdala volume of male and female rats, adult male brains have a medial amygdala of greater volume than do adult female brains which is partially due to androgen circulation.[9] It also heavily influences male development; a study found that perinatal females introduced to elevated testosterone levels exhibited male behavior patterns. In the absence of testosterone, female behavior is retained.[20] Testosterone's influence on the brain is caused by organizational developmental effects. It has been shown to influence proaptotic proteins so that they increase neuronal cell death in certain brain regions. Another way testosterone affects brain development is by aiding in the construction of the "limbic hypothalamic neural networks".[20]Similar to how estrogen enhances memory and learning in women, testosterone has been found to enhance memory recall in men. In a study testing a correlation between memory a recall and testosterone levels in men, "fMRI analysis revealed that higher testosterone levels were related to increased brain activation in the amygdala during encoding of neutral pictures".[24]
"God hath made man upright; but they have sought out many
inventions/'
THERE is an automatic procedure within the human
body, which, if not interfered with, will do away
with sickness, trouble, sorrow and death, as stated
in the Bible.
Truly, mankind, or the natural man, seeks many ways
and means to prevent the upright, perfect, automatic way
from "accomplishing that whereunto it was sent."
The natural man forever seeks pleasurable sensation,
wnich is at enmity with God. Physical sensation (ttic
"Pleasures of sin for a season/ 1 or limited duration, referred
to by Paul, are under the law, or below the solar
olexus, hence, "He that is led by the spirit is not under the
Uw."
Any act, coming under the meaning of sin, retards
or prevents the automatic action of the seed, which, if
not interfered with, lifts up a portion (one-tenth) of the
life essence (oil or secretion) that constantly flows down
the spinal cord (a "Strait and narrow way") and transmutes
it, thus increasing its power many fold and perpetuating
the body indefinitely, or until the Ego desires to
dissolve it by rates of motion set in action by its inherent
will.
If the allegories of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, as
well as Paul's Epistles and Acts of the Apostles teach anything,
they teach the mastery and transmutation of the
human body by anyone who obeys the physiological guide
book the whole book the Holy Bible.
But let the reader observe that each of the 66 books,
as well as an almost countless number of ancient books
of all races and languages, teach the same mathematical
and physiological facts.
Man has turned the mighty power he possesses to
every object and principle of force in the universe except
himself^
the greatest miracle of all. When man focuses
his divine thinking lens upon himself, he will realize that
he is an epitome of unlimited Cosmic Energy. Then the
"Heavens will roll together as a scroll" and reveal the
Real Man as "the Lamb of God that taketh away the
sins of the world."
"The great idea baffles wit;
Language falters under it;
It leaves the learned in the lurch
Nor art, nor power, nor toil can find
The measure of the Eternal Mind,
Nor hymn, nor prayer, nor church."
https://archive.org/details/godmanwordmadefl00carerich
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience_of_sex_differences
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